Becoming Close Friends: A Practical Guide

It feels just right to write about friendship. It means so much. To me, a friend is someone I don’t want to lose, though I have lost some. I’ve had others for almost all my life.

I try hard and hold tight, yet I regret a few departures. Most, not all, my fault, at least in part. But today, I’ll tell you how to make and keep them. We must lose something or someone before we understand their full value.

Acquiring a friend involves a kind of courtship. Given the possibility of rejection, risk is involved. People are busy and have prior commitments. And then some don’t “cotton to you.”

Google tells us this:

To ‘cotton to’ is an idiom born of the cotton industry, meaning to get to know or understand something. In the textile industry, when a fiber cottons, it does a good job of blending in with other fibers to make cloth. Example using the idiom: ‘I don’t recon that boy cottons likely to strangers.’

Platonic friendship, of course, is a different type of closeness from that of a lover, but not automatically less. A chum who came along before the beloved recalls experiences the significant other doesn’t.

Jealousy may occur between an old friend and a new sweetheart. Repeated interaction between these two is the best solution to relieving the implicit threat. The relationship adapts, and all parties must adjust to the cast change and their new positions on stage.

Platonic attachment involves many hours of experience. The glue takes a while to dry. Opening up to each other and building trust are essential for closeness.

We make our first friends in school or in the neighborhood. Each of us is thrown into situations and places. These include taking classes, attending a church, synagogue, or mosque, walking the same route to school, riding the bus, and sitting side by side.

We play games, decide to join identical extracurricular activities, and later on, meet new people at our place of business.

Friendship requires frequent contact, especially when it is being formed. Work tends to offer fewer intimate possibilities when Zoom creates the meeting place instead of the office.

Events after the job can substitute, but many countrymen are lonely. According to Vivek Murthy MD’s 2023 Advisory, we have an epidemic of loneliness tending to cause problems in mental and physical health: Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation.

The World Economic Forum offered a comparison of our 2021 social lives to similar data obtained in 1990:

Just 13% of US adults (said) they (had) 10 or more close friends, compared with 33% of those surveyed in 1990.

The growth of friendship often entails the establishment of rituals: attending ball games and concerts, meeting at favorite restaurants or in different cities at conferences or museums, creating a book club, and scheduling Zoom meetings to chat.

In a mobile and virtual society, in-person social pursuits are more challenging to arrange than before. Skin hunger (touch starvation) was frequently mentioned during the Pandemic and still exists. Dogs and cats provide a version of the experience of physical contact.

Connection with an animal differs from friendship but shouldn’t be diminished in importance. Depending on various factors, the loss of companion animals can be as profound an event as the death of a man or woman.

Research suggests spending time with a friend enhances mental health more than with a mate, particularly after the metaphorical honeymoon is over. Routines that can overtake and deaden some marriages are less likely with someone you spend less time with and don’t live with. Moreover, the activities typical of friendship do not include doing the chores, paying the bills, managing the children, and similar stress producers.

One might say get-togethers with friends are “chosen,” while time with a spouse runs the risk of being “frozen.”

No wonder we are advised not to go into business with a friend. The duties, responsibilities, decisions, division of tasks, and issues surrounding money reproduce some of what can undermine wedlock.

Between the 18th and early 20th centuries, it was common for the most profound relationships to involve individuals of the identical sex. That was a period of arranged alliances and minimal premarital romance. Single young ladies of status were accompanied by a chaperone outside the home.

Married females remained in the family residence with a duo’s many children, while the husband spent time in the world among fellows like himself. Same-gendered confidants shared more in common with each other in part because educational and apprentice opportunities for women were less available.

Aging makes it advisable to find new connections along the way, including individuals of different ages. Since some relationships end, others must be created. I met Dr. Mel Nudelman in 1975 when he was almost twice my age—a closeness that grew. It ended with his death in 2012 when he was over 90. My more recent comrade Jim is over 30 years younger than I am.

One feature of friendship involves duties to each other. In clinical practice, asking a colleague in the same discipline to take emergency phone calls while you go on vacation isn’t unusual. When my late friend Dr. Joe Pribyl recuperated from a severe illness, I took on the therapy for a patient of his who needed attention during the months when Joseph was incapacitated.

Running errands, getting food, and watching a pet are kindnesses fitting among cronies. So is consolation and advice.

Remembering birthdays offers a further small but meaningful extension of oneself.

Iris Murdoch and Simone Weil wrote about offering solace to a suffering soul, a circumstance everyone encounters. Listening is at the center of giving such support to a friend.

Murdoch believed the comforter must “unself” himself, erase his ego, and focus 100% on the other. This type of interaction demands that the person providing aid not think of the next thing he wants to say but devote himself entirely to conveying a sympathetic presence.

Weil believed this kind of attention is “the rarest and purest form of generosity,” which calls for one to “decreate” his own self-involvement and allow infinite patience and tenderness to fill the place where the ego existed.

One should avoid saying things like, “I know how you feel,” which is intended to soothe but displays the opposite: a lack of understanding. Presence and compassion, not solutions (unless requested), are enough.

Reaching out to old compadres with whom you have lost touch is worthwhile. The treasure to be rediscovered includes memories no one else holds or can create.

Shared recollections of parents, the old neighborhood, school, summer camp, games, and youthful friends of the past provide the groundwork for recreating your fondness for each other.

Wartime comrades recall experiences beyond the grasp of anyone who wasn’t present in the moment of combat.

The bonds of buddies are tested. Compromise is essential. People aren’t perfect or matched like a lock and a key.

The value of the pal must be weighed against what bothers or hurts you. A sober period of reflection can be helpful, rather than saying or doing something on impulse that breaks the link beyond repair.

For more on this subject, you can read my blog post, How to Apologize and How Not to Apologize: When Sorry isn’t Enough, or Aaron Lazare’s short book On Apology.

I will end on a personal note. I have a friend of almost 60 years, Al. Our bond has survived a test or two but continues to grow. We are both heterosexual men.

When I encountered physical challenges recently, Al told me he prayed for me. This would be unremarkable, perhaps, but for two facts. First, he is not a religious man. Second, he said that he loves me, not in a sexual way but in the other meanings in which this expression is understood.

Some men wait in vain for a father to express his love. The thought of a male friend doing so never occurs to them.

A friendship like this means the world.

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The three paintings were sourced from Wikiart.org/, while the photos came from Wikimedia.org/

The works are as follows: 1. The Women Friends, 1917 by Gustav Klimt, 2. Three Barefoot Females Smiling and Sitting Barefoot on a Bench by JLS Media, 3. Irena Solska by Stanisław Wyspiańsk, 4. Happy Friendship by சௌந்தர்யா சுந்தரம், 5. Friends at the Theatre: Ludovic Halevy and Albert Cave, 1879 by Edgar Degas, and 6. Friendship 3 by Gideon from Paris, France.

How to Avoid Guilt and Regret

If you have a conscience, you will experience regret at some time, somewhere, about someone. You cannot avoid it completely, but you can reduce the lingering unhappiness if you are lucky and understand the potential pitfalls ahead.

I hope to show you how.

First, what is regret?

In her book Regret: the Persistence of the Possible, Janet Landman likens it to the dilemma of coming to a fork in the road and making a choice. You walk down the chosen path until you realize your selection isn’t as satisfactory as you hoped. “I should have gone the other way.”

No matter which lane you pick, “the persistence of the possible” is present. Nothing in life is without blemishes, but in your imagination, the alternative — the avenue you didn’t travel — remains idealized as a better option.

Perfection resides in your mind alone – in the world of abstraction and fantasy. The perfect job, the perfect mate, the perfect performance of whatever kind.

Sometimes, you can retrace your steps and begin again — a kind of do-over. However, the one thing you cannot change is something done or not done to someone lost to you — irrevocably out of reach because of distance or death.

Yes, occasionally, you can call or write a living person and apologize without excuses for your behavior. Perhaps he will allow you to make up for the harm you did in words or deeds. But death is the red line impossible to cross. Your chance has passed, and now he is gone.

You cannot say “I love you” to one you loved but never told. You cannot ask them to utter those words to you. Nor can you discuss the history you share.

The decades of memories only he contained vanish unless a close confidant fills in a few of the puzzle pieces you seek. Knowledge of where he came from, what he did in life, and how he met his spouse all disappear.

Some regrets are possible to predict. Imagine dear friends you have not spoken with or seen for a time. If you assume they will live indefinitely, the Grim Reaper may punish you for waiting. 

The chance of an accident or medical emergency rises as the months pass, not to mention the slow development of natural causes as he moves toward the end of life. Without knowledge of his status, you discover the demise too late.

What then, while you and the other still share a future on earth? Call or email him. Make arrangements to meet. Travel to do so if necessary. Avoid the possible disappointment of taking action too late or not at all. 

Some of us, perhaps all of us, believe time is on our side. The friend or loved one is healthy, young enough, and cautious, we say to ourselves. Genetic inheritance predicts a long life for him, we like to think, despite no guarantee.

Maybe you have never told him how much he means to you. That’s what email and letters are for, but face-to-face contact is better than Zoom, more personal, and more touching. Are you afraid to cry? No one will prevent you. The sincerity of your words will be enlarged thereby.

Our parents and those older than ourselves rank high on most lists of the people we should visit, speak with, embrace, or all three. Too many clients in my psychotherapy career never heard they were loved. Too few addressed the other injuries they believed the parent inflicted.

As hard as reconciliation is to accomplish, living mothers, fathers, and siblings provide the chance to put right their wrongs simply by their continuing existence.

Many believe talking with seniors about their inevitable death is improper. One thinks the parent or older relative will be discomforted and will assume the questioner intends to discover or influence an inheritance.

Some might, but not all. My father agreed to complete a videotaped four-hour history I conducted with him when he was 74. He understood the reason I made the request. Were he guaranteed a lifetime to match Methuselah,* the chance to consult him, keep him close, ask questions, and display my love would long be available.

I wanted to retain something of him beyond the time of his death — his voice, his movements, his life story, and our way of relating. This video was for me, my brothers, my children, and their kids to receive and witness. Those hours brought my dad and me closer.

Consider personalizing what I have written here — applying it to your life. Unfortunately, some people you might have spoken with perished too soon. As Goethe wrote, “Names are like sound and smoke.” Here and gone.

If you are experiencing guilt over lost opportunities, ask yourself if the departed was the sort of person who would hold a grudge. Think back and recall if she or he would have wished for your continued happiness. In many cases, the answers to these two questions will be no and yes, in order.

Mourn their loss and remember the goodness in them that would have enabled their kindness. Indeed, perhaps they never gave a single thought to the injury you inflicted nor carried it inside. They would have thought of you with fondness even today.

Then, having accepted the truth of their unspoken forgiveness, forgive the only one left to forgive.

Yourself.

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*Methuselah was a biblical patriarch who lived 969 years.

The top photo is of a sculpture by Michal Klajban called Passing Time, located in Christchurch, New Zealand. Next is an Analog Clock animation by CeeWhite. It is followed by a photo of Regret (Verdun, Meuse), a city limit sign by Havang. Finally, a 19th-century watercolor of Two Men Shaking Hands on Meeting. All of these are sourced from Wikimedia Commons.

How Do You Know When a Relationship Can Be Saved?

512px-Bromances

We all lose friends and lovers. We all hope there is a way — some way, some how — to recapture the companion, erase the slight, stitch up the wound and go back to the “days of wine and roses.” Time is spent thinking, dreaming, wondering, planning, and — very often, trying — to put the Humpty Dumpty relationship back together again.

Here is one possible guide to what might produce the loss and a second list of the signs suggesting you might succeed where “all the king’s horses and all the king’s men” failed.

WHAT WENT WRONG?

  1. One or both parties blames the other, taking no responsibility for any part of the rift, and refusing to be enlightened by either the partner or a therapist. I am excluding frank physical, sexual, or verbal abuse, as well as alcohol and drug addiction from the list of causes. Any of these compound the problem of saving the partnership.
  2. A tendency to store things up. Some people are hesitant to express their discontent frankly, even as the years pass. Short of mind-reading, the partner then cannot be assumed to know of the brewing disturbance until the anger blows up.
  3. Lack of self-awareness. Such a person doesn’t understand the negative impact he is having on his lover or friend. He is the counterpart to the person just described who fails to communicate his unhappiness.
  4. The unwillingness to compromise or work on changing yourself if the companion does specify his misery.
  5. The practice of “counting” and weighing the various kindnesses, concessions, and compromises you make on behalf of the other, as well as his, always smaller number (as you perceive it). A rough equity is desirable, but absolute equality is impossible to achieve. As my friend John likes to say, “Buddies don’t count.”
  6. Jealousy of the other’s success or of his closeness to his life partner or additional companions.
  7. The failure to evaluate your own relationship history, including unresolved issues from childhood that might impact your behavior toward the friend.
  8. Excessive self-effacement. Putting the other first to the point he experiences a sense of entitlement and you believe you are taken for granted. The tendency to place another on a pedestal points to likely self-esteem issues  — in you.
  9. The expectation that what you do (perhaps your job, for example), whether in or out of the home, qualifies you for special treatment.
  10. The friend or lover is replaced with someone else, though the betrayal might be a secret.
  11. Faux apologizing. Political style apologies (“I’m sorry if I hurt you”) fail on several levels: the precise nature of the injury isn’t specified, no real responsibility taking occurs unless the “if” is removed, and one needs a concrete plan and desire to prevent more pain, as well as an offer of restitution.
  12. Low priority placed on the relationship. Partners can feel abandoned to the loved one’s dedication to work, substance abuse, favoring a child over the spouse, overcommitment to his family of origin, or hobbies.
  13. Unrealistic expectations of what a good relationship should be.
  14. A tendency to be critical and/or judgmental.
  15. Betrayal. This can take the form of secretly assisting someone who wishes to undermine your buddy; and other, more dramatic acts of infidelity.
  16. A successful grieving process. When estrangement happens, either member of the dyad can begin to mourn the loss of the friend/lover. If he finally comes to be at peace with the rift, his willingness to try again is substantially reduced. He has achieved the much-mentioned state of “moving on.”

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WHAT MIGHT SIGNAL THINGS CAN BE PUT RIGHT?

  1. Both parties want the relationship to resume. Yes, two people start a friendship or romance, and both need to work on putting it together, but only one is needed to end it.
  2. You still possess an abiding love for the other. If memories of the best of times bring a smile and affection, a rekindling of the contact may be possible.
  3. You share a history impossible to replace.
  4. Readiness on both sides to discuss the painful issues face-to-face.
  5. Willingness to accept responsibility. Remember, however, Cheech Marin’s famous line: “Responsibility is a big responsibility, man.”
  6. Self-awareness.
  7. A tendency to appreciate the good qualities in the partner, rather than a blanket vilification of him.
  8. Openness to compromise.
  9. The capacity to review your life and history — the patterns that become apparent — and change them.
  10. Understanding what a sincere and complete apology requires and the desire to deliver it.
  11. An agreement to alter the rules of the relationship, being precise about what the new guidelines require of you, careful not to agree to those conditions you can’t stomach, and putting in place a system that will evaluate the compliance of both people.
  12. Going forward, the assertiveness to communicate future unhappiness before it poisons the relationship.
  13. The capacity to set “counting” aside.
  14. Resolving any jealousies.
  15. Learning to listen and ask questions.
  16. Giving the partner’s well-being increased and abiding priority.
  17. Realism and acceptance of the fact that no relationships in life are ever perfect.
  18. Ultimately, there must be forgiveness, lest the couple take turns in using the past as a weapon. Whether intended or not, the past is as lethal to love as WMD are to nations.

This is not a complete list, but a starting point in your analysis of what went wrong and whether companionship can be put right. The union of two good people doesn’t guarantee a joyous and congenial match. Compatibility isn’t always present.

Redeeming a broken relationship is rarely an easy thing. Be prepared to work hard and hope your partner is equally prepared. If a resumption of your friendship is what you want, do what you can lest you live in regret for not having tried.

I’ll leave you with two quotes about friendship that apply equally to romantic love:

“The truth is, everyone is going to hurt you. You just got to find the ones worth suffering for.”
― Bob Marley

“There is nothing better than a friend, unless it is a friend with chocolate.”
― Linda Grayson

The top image is Bromance at its finest, as sourced from Wikimedia Commons and created by smellyavocado. The second photo, called Strawberry Banana Smoothie, is the work of Courtney Carmody and comes from the same source.

How to Apologize and How Not to Apologize: When “Sorry” Isn’t Enough

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Is saying that you are sorry the same thing as making an apology? Indeed, many of us have said “I’m sorry for your loss” too often to keep track: to relatives, friends, business associates, and acquaintances. Were we trying to apologize or attempting to provide a consoling message? Were we admitting guilt for what happened or expressing sympathy?

The answer should be easy. When we say that we are “sorry for the loss” we are voicing concern and attempting to comfort, not taking responsibility for the death. Unless, that is, we specify that we caused the demise of the loved one. But ordinarily, we are communicating that we are sad that it happened, not culpable.

When a person is, in fact, blameworthy, he has not necessarily done something terrible. Accidents do happen and sometimes injuries are very small. But, surely the most difficult apology to make must be to acknowledge one’s part in the death of a child. I bring this up because George Zimmerman, the man whose gun shot killed 17-year-old Trayvon Martin following a conflict with him in February, is widely reported to have “apologized” to Martin’s family when he said the following in court at a bond hearing:

I wanted to say I am sorry for the loss of your son. I did not know how old he was. I thought he was a little bit younger than I am, and I did not know if he was armed or not.

Yet, whatever his intention, Zimmerman did not actually apologize. Leaving aside the legal wisdom of making such a statement in court, I’d like to discuss what would have been required for Zimmerman to apologize rather than simply express sympathy, which is what he accomplished.

According to Aaron Lazare’s book On Apology, one must:

  1. Acknowledge the harm that you inflicted — for example, “I broke your toy” or “I shoplifted the purse” or “I shot and killed your loved one.”
  2. Say that you are sorry for what you have personally done, admit that you should not have done it, and express remorse; not simply that you are sorry that a loss occurred.
  3. Attempt to compensate the injured party or parties in some way. In the case of public humiliation caused by a cruel joke, for example, it would be appropriate (although perhaps impractical) for you to make a public admission of your foolishness in front of the same people who were present when you embarrassed the other person. Similarly, if you broke his window, you would need to repair or replace it, or get someone else to do this.
  4. You must do your very best to make sure that your behavior isn’t repeated.

Simply saying “I’m sorry” isn’t enough. Nor is it sufficient to state, “I’m sorry if I’ve hurt you,” a turn-of-phrase we hear from public figures, but one that is absolutely inadequate. According to Lazare, it is crucial that the transgressor be precise in admitting what exactly he did that caused harm, making no excuses that diminish his responsibility. This is the same sort of thing that happens in court, when, after a plea bargain, the accused admits exactly what he did without justifying it, and recounts the consequences that followed from that behavior. In legal terms it is called “allocution.”

Although George Zimmerman didn’t apologize to Trayvon Martin’s family, he did try to explain away his (unspecified) action when he stated, “I did not know how old he was. I thought he was a little bit younger than I am, and I did not know if he was armed or not.” If we look at the requirements of an adequate apology listed above, we can see that Zimmerman met none of them. He did not state that he was responsible for the death of the teenager and the pain that the family is suffering, he did not say that he was sorry for taking the action, he offered no compensation to the family, and he said nothing about changing his behavior (such as trying to avoid future conflicts or deciding not to carry a gun, for example). I understand that the legal process made some of this inadvisable, but that fact does not alter the definition of what an apology is and what it is not.

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Clearly, we cannot and do not apologize for everything. But, if we spill some milk, it really is nice and proper for us to say that we are sorry for what we’ve done and try to clean it up. Most of us do, except for those times when we blame the other by saying “You shouldn’t have put the milk there” or expect someone else to mop the floor.

Apologizing can be surprisingly rewarding, even if difficult. It can help to repair injuries and improve relationships. Apologies can sometimes provide closure to those parties who have suffered significant losses, where adequate compensation is not possible. They can contribute to mutual understanding and lead to forgiveness and letting go.

An example of an attempt to produce such reconciliation between perpetrators and victims was the Republic of South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission, created after apartheid was ended in that country in 1994. Apartheid was the white government’s policy of racial segregation, denial of human rights, discrimination, and mistreatment of blacks. The Commission included public hearings in which some of the victims testified to their experience. Perhaps more significantly, perpetrators of violence were also permitted to make public statements of their responsibility for wrong-doing and to request amnesty.

There is quite a distance between spilled milk and spilled blood, no question about it. But the possibility of reconciliation, however remote, can only come with a properly voiced apology and the expressed regret that should come with it. Life is full of disagreements, differences, and damage, in addition to unintentionally hurt feelings. Those who are able to feel remorse and admit wrong doing set the stage for the possibility of some amount of healing. Indeed, the perpetrator and the victim are very occasionally bonded together more strongly by the experience.

I hear you saying, “That’s a lot easier to say than to do.” True enough. As one of the members of the comedy team Cheech and Chong used to say, “Taking responsibility is a lot of responsibility.” Self-interest often recommends denial of fault, as in the case of a trial in a court of law. And yet, sometimes common decency, conscience, and a caring heart dictate that we try to repair what we have broken.

The first image is St. Francis in Meditation, a painting by Francisco de Zurbaran from 1635-1639. It is followed by an 1885 Caricature of a Marriage Proposal by H. Schlittzen. Both are sourced from Wikimedia Commons.