Face-to-face with Willem van Otterloo

It would be hard to call it a meeting. I wasn’t introduced to him, and he didn’t know my name. Still, there was an emotional connection between us. I irritated him, and a couple of thousand people watched it.

It was December 1964. I was on break from my first college semester and a newly hired usher at Orchestra Hall, the home of the Chicago Symphony.

The guest conductor was Willem van Otterloo, a Dutchman soon to be 57. He was serving as music director of the Residentie Orchestra in The Hague, and making a guest appearance in the Windy City. The program included the first Symphony of Brahms, a stupendous work I looked forward to.

My new colleagues were black and white, mostly music students, an amiable bunch in love with classical music.

The job was easy to learn. I already knew the auditorium seating locations, and handing out the program booklets required no well-trained skill. We wore mufti to the concerts, including required dark trousers. Once in our section of the basement location, we picked out a fitting uniform jacket from the rack.

Small tears in the cloth were common. We were paid little but didn’t care much about that or the outfit. We came for the music.

One of the instructions we received was not to seat anyone after the signal to close the doors that led inside. If a patron came to the first half late, he had to wait for a break in the music to be seated. Even less opportunity to enter existed if he missed the beginning of the second half.

On the evening in question, the interval was ending, and the doors for the second half had already been closed. I was stationed in front of the entrance to the center aisle of the main floor.

The audience was quiet, anticipating Maestro van Otterloo and the magnificent Brahms, full of big tunes and towering climaxes. The composer had waited until he was 43 to create this masterpiece.

Suddenly, a man appeared before me, asking if he could be directed to his seat and pushing his ticket toward me. I assumed I could find the location quickly and return to the lobby before the music began.

I opened the door, stepped in, and only then looked at the ticket. “Oh, geez,” I said to myself and sped up. The fellow’s place was the first seat of the first row, right of the aisle. That was not good news.

Halfway down the path, the audience began to applaud, indicating that the conductor had started his walk to the podium from backstage. I was still on a bullet train to the end of the line. Skidding to a stop along with me, the gentleman was seated.

Then I made my mistake.

I looked up at the baton-smith, maybe 10 feet away.

He looked down at me, which can be understood in two ways, both true: I was beneath him and a lowly usher in a crappy uniform who intruded on his art, to boot.

Willem’s expression was the equivalent of a slap in the face while simultaneously sticking out your tongue. It was the dirtiest look I have ever received.

To call it a sneer sounds too mild. A momentary fit of disgust. His visage displayed contempt as if he were uttering, “What in God’s name are you doing here? Do you know who I am”

I spun around, completed my return trip to the lobby, and the music began.

Like you, I have had more than a few subsequent embarrassments since my first year at a university. Never, however, in front of a filled auditorium.

Wikipedia states that Willem van Otterloo lived until he was 70 in 1978. In the Netherlands, he was married and divorced four times (including one remarriage and divorce). A fifth marriage occurred in Australia.

All of this suggests that he had much more trouble than I caused him.

I guess I got the last laugh.

Mäkelä: In the Shadow of Great Men

Last week, the Chicago Symphony’s former 82-year-old conductor had reason to be unhappy. By contrast, his successor and future occupier of that throne, a tall, energetic, and ambitious 28-year-old, was feeling on top of the world.

The latter, Klaus Mäkelä of Finland, failed to mention the most recent CSO Music Director in interviews celebrating his own designation as the ensemble’s leader beginning in 2027. Ricardo Muti, the former head of the glorious band, is the fellow whose name was absent.

Here is an excerpt from Mäkelä’s April 5th interview with WBEZ Radio’s Courtney Kueppers. The young man offers a telling description of the sound of the Chicago musicians and two of those who created it:

It’s an amazing sound. Its brilliance, its shine, its strength, its everything. And it’s really touching to hear. I was thinking about yesterday, when I started rehearsing, I listened to all the recordings — I love the old recordings and all the recordings of the past — and there were some moments when I thought: Oh my god, this sounds exactly like a Fritz Reiner recording [Reiner was CSO’s maestro in the 1950s] or a [Georg] Solti [the Chicago orchestra’s longtime music director] … And I think that’s incredible that they’ve managed to preserve it. And of course, my job is to also further develop it, but also preserve it. And I think it’s so wonderful because in today’s world, orchestras start sounding the same. And we need voices which are really original.

Hmm. Why might Mäkelä have neglected Muti, now the CSO’s Conductor Emeritus? No doubt, Maestro Muti believes he did more than “preserve” the orchestra’s qualities in his 13 years as top man.

But Mäkelä associated himself with the two most significant conductors in the Windy City since the middle of the last century. One gathers that he expects to fill their shoes. As Daniel Burnham, the architect who designed the CSO’s Orchestra Hall, wrote:

Make no little plans. They have no magic to stir men’s blood and probably will not themselves be realized.

Reiner and Solti would have agreed. They did more than “preservation” of the status quo. They made “no little plans.”

Fritz Reiner rebuilt a CSO in recovery from everything that had happened in Burnham’s building during the preceding 11 years.

“Papa” Frederick Stock, their leader since 1905, died in late 1942. He was followed to the podium by Desire Defauw, who stayed for a less-than-stellar four-year tenure. World War II complicated the Belgian’s time, leaving him with 11 new players in his first season.

Artur Rodzinski lasted only a season (1947-48), and the 36-year-old Rafael Kubelik just three (1950-53). Fritz Reiner’s arrival at the end of 1953 raised the CSO on all levels, not least their long-playing records, which remain perhaps the most consistently fine group of discs in its history.

Amsterdam’s  Royal Concertgebouw

Georg Solti’s contribution was different. A Hungarian like Reiner, Solti inherited many of the same players who performed with Reiner before Solti began as Music Director in 1969. The group included several fine personnel additions made by Jean Martinon, Reiner’s immediate successor, including Principal Horn Dale Clevenger.

Even so, the CSO had toured little domestically and never outside the USA. Solti made sure his new orchestra crossed the ocean. International fame and a flood of records followed, as did endless tours in the United States and abroad.

Klaus Mäkelä (K.M.) is in the habit of commending big, transformative names. Upon the news of becoming the future Chief Conductor of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam, he told Principal Double Bass Dominic Seldis of his admiration for Willem Mengelberg’s recorded legacy. The man K.M. named put that renowned ensemble on the map and led the first festival of Gustav Mahler’s complete Symphonies in 1920.

Mengelberg last conducted the Dutchmen in the 1940s. Mäkelä mentioned no one who served after that. 

It is easy to conclude that Chicago’s youngest-ever Music Director wants to change an orchestra that must adapt to survive in the post-Covid world. His charm seems to belie an extraordinary self-confidence.

The job is enormous, and he knows he must replace 15 players out of the gate.

Who might Klaus Mäkelä have named if he’d been appointed to the Boston Symphony? Serge Koussevitzky, no doubt. But that conductor’s mark involved more than insisting on a ravishing orchestral tonality and realizing his interpretive genius in concert and on disc.

The BSO leader commissioned countless works and steadfastly championed them, including those of American composers. His fingerprints are also on Ravel’s orchestral transcription of Pictures at an Exhibition and Bartok’s Concerto for Orchestra.

In 1942, he established the Koussevitzky Music Foundation, which continues to support living composers. Moreover, Koussevitzky fashioned the New York Philharmonic’s summer concerts in the Berkshires into an annual warm-weather festival of the Boston Symphony at Tanglewood, focused on performance and the mentorship of young musicians.

Serge Koussevitzky

Successful conductors each possess a potent ego. One cannot stand before soloist-quality musicians of experience and intelligence without it. The players must be convinced you are worth their time, though they will carry you even if you aren’t. Everything suggests Mäkelä has the ego and technique to do the job.

The three conductors named by Mäkelä, as well as Koussevitzky, had that and more: a visionary quality that would take the men and women sitting before them somewhere beyond the next performance.

As Seldis noted in the Concertgebouw interview, Mäkelä’s new “office” — the glowing concert hall in which he will perform in Amsterdam — has 26 red-carpeted steps leading not far from the organ pipes down to the stage — a harrowing trip for some.

One can only hope that the steep descent he will walk signals nothing ominous about the talented baton-smith’s future. Two storied orchestras expect every bit of his capacity beginning in 2027. 

My suggestion? As Former U.S. President Teddy Roosevelt said:

Speak softly and carry a big stick.

For now, a Burnham-like “plan” will have to wait.

The Old CSO: Reiner, Stock, Garbousova and More

Royal Johnson might have been the cleverest man alive. Indeed, he kept his colleagues in the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in stitches. Johnson served as a violinist with the CSO from 1938 to 1978.

Like many orchestral musicians of long-standing, the sheer volume of sound surrounding him took a toll on his hearing. The string player wore a hearing aid and joked about the irony of being a symphonic musician with auditory limitations.

One day, during a rehearsal in which the violinist wasn’t required to play, he sat in the auditorium to listen. The conductor was having trouble producing the balance he desired among the instruments and wondered how the troupe sounded in the hall itself.

Seeing Johnson several rows behind him, he shouted, “How does it sound?”

The replay came: “I can’t tell you how it sounds, but it looks great!” This story continues to be told by Chicago Symphony musicians who never met him, now over 45 years after Royal retired.

On one of the CSO’s tours to Europe, a group of his colleagues had occasion to play the Bruckner String Quintet. Johnson attended and congratulated his colleagues. He watched as the ensemble stood under a portrait of the composer for a group photo.

Bruckner remains a hard sell for some, and Royal didn’t appreciate his music. Looking up at the image of the composer on the wall behind his friends, he could only comment, “You know, he doesn’t even look sorry!”

The Chicago Symphony, like most fine orchestras, maintains a high standard of performance whether or not they encounter a maestro who is a master. Despite their best efforts, not all the resulting performances are up to their lofty expectations. Johnson is thought to have coined a phrase that captures the band’s sentiment as they walk off stage on those occasions:

“We would have played better, but he wouldn’t let us.”

Fritz Reiner by John Jensen:

In a rehearsal at the beginning of Fritz Reiner’s CSO tenure, the musicians already understood their new music director’s reputation as a gifted but sometimes sadistic conductor.

According to the principal horn, Phil Farkas:

In a two-hour rehearsal he pulled us apart and put us together again … and in the course of doing it actually fired one of the men. He said, ‘I don’t accept that kind of playing in my orchestra.’

We thought, ‘Gee, you haven’t even got the orchestra yet, it’s only an hour or so.’ But it was his orchestra, he had a contract to prove it. Anyhow, he took us apart and we needed it, we all knew that. And when he put it back together and we went straight through Ein Heldenleben (by Richard Strauss) the last hour of rehearsal, it was a revelation. …

But, as I say, he was rough. He spared no mercy on us at all. As he went out the door after the rehearsal, he was the only calm one. The rest of us were ringing wet. As he went out the door, one of our wags in the orchestra, Royal Johnson, said, ‘Well, not much of a conductor, but an awfully nice fellow!'”*

Ahead of another rehearsal not long after, the Symphony was waiting for Reiner’s arrival. Johnson sat in a chair on the aisle leading from the stage door to the rostrum. 

When Reiner entered, he got up and tiptoed behind him, peering over his shoulder. The violinist recognized a surgical scar on the back of his neck, something other musicians had already noted. Johnson retreated to his seat before the maestro reached the platform.

Royal turned to his stand-mate. “You know, that’s not his original head!”

But lest you think all CSO stories involve Royal J., here is an anecdote involving George Sopkin, the founding cellist of the Fine Arts String Quartet, and himself a CSO member from 1935 to 1942. Upon the 18-year-old’s arrival for his audition, the Music Director Frederick Stock, asked, “So we’re taking Boy Scouts now?” No matter his youth, George got the job.

This was an era of once legendary instrumentalists, some of whom are all but forgotten. Raya Garbousova, the cellist-dedicatee of Samuel Barber’s Cello Concerto, appeared as a featured soloist at Orchestra Hall more than once. Garbousova was a fabulous artist and a woman of striking loveliness. One might say movie star-beautiful.

Stock, approaching 70, admired her in every regard, including the latter. At a quiet moment during the rehearsal, the Music Director smiled as he leaned toward Sopkin in the cello section and whispered, “Ah, to be that cello!”

Such was life within a group of almost all-male orchestral forces at that time.

Stock died later in the year Sopkin departed to become a full-time chamber musician. The cellist felt a fatherly connection to the man who had hired him to be a member of the CSO as a teenager.

A child was born to the Sopkins on October 20, 1942, the day of the conductor’s death. The couple called her Frederica.

———-

The first photo is of Fritz Reiner. The second is Frederick Stock. Next comes a caricature of Reiner by John Jensen, with his permission. It is followed by a picture of Raya Garbousova. Finally, the Fine Arts String Quartet, from left to right: Leonard Sorkin, Abram Loft, George Sopkin, and Gerald Stanick.

*Hillyer, The Podium, 3, 1979, 22.

Stokowski, Fantasia, and Childhood Memories

They called him Stoki, a man who led without a baton. He was the first conductor I saw as a little boy, even if Leopold Stokowski was leading the Philadelphia Orchestra in Fantasia, which amounted to a cartoon.

While in college, in March 1966, I heard the real live deal, the man himself, with the Chicago Symphony. I was seated among the “gods” in the highest reaches of Orchestra Hall. 

The CSO gave him an orchestral “tusch” after the blazing finish of the Shostakovich Symphony #10. This was the highest tribute they could provide to Stoki, an improvised, disjointed fanfare with drums augmenting the brass.

If I wasn’t in the neighborhood of the “gods,” surely I’d been transported somewhere close to heaven.

When the applause died, I went downstairs to the orchestra’s nether region and stood in line for an autograph. When Stokowski emerged from his dressing room, he appeared shorter than I imagined. But he was 83 after all, by which time men diminish in size. 

Perhaps a dozen or two admirers made up the queue I was in, all with pens in hand, holding program booklets we expected the maestro to ink with his name.

He didn’t. Not that he displayed rudeness as he listened to the plaudits each of us expressed, along with our thanks. Instead, he shook our hands. 

I’d seen those hands even after Fantasia, too. Bugs Bunny had portrayed Stoki in a Looney Tunes cartoon, with much attention to them.

Was he now suffering from arthritis? His hands were once the subject of considerable comment as to their beauty. Did he want to dispense with the process faster than multiple autographs would permit? He didn’t appear to be in a hurry.

Stoki’s mitts were uncommonly soft for a man, almost as if he used a hand lotion to produce their tenderness. Nor did he offer manly grip strength. But it was not that so much as something else that brought me back to Fantasia.

Sometimes, you only gather an understanding of events at a distance.

When my youngest daughter was home from school decades later, I got her tickets to hear Daniel Barenboim and the CSO perform the Rite of Spring. She and her fiancé were impressed with the performance, but what she mentioned about Stravinsky’s work itself struck me more.

“Dad, for some reason, whenever I listen to that piece, I always think of dinosaurs.” A few days passed before I realized why. The accompaniment to Fantasia’s dinosaur sequence featured a long excerpt from the Rite. The early experience made a permanent imprint on her psyche.

My mind drifted backward. I thought of Stokowski, the CSO, Shostakovich, and the tusch. But one more thing also occurred to me.

I focused again on Stokowski’s hands and remembered a brief segment in Fantasia when Mickey Mouse extended his hand to a younger version of the maestro.

Then, I recognized how lucky I was Stoki hadn’t signed autographs on the evening some 40 years before. If he had, he’d have gone from one to another of us without physical contact. And it was the hands that counted.

The explanation was simple.

I got to shake hands with the man who shook hands with the real Mickey Mouse.

As my daughter had reminded me, childhood memories have a long reach.

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The pictures of Stokowski and Mickey Mouse shaking hands were sourced from Hi-Fi Writer.com, as originally published in Australian HI-FI, Mar/Apr 2011, v.42 #2.

 

 

 

Without Tom Cruise, a Performable “Mission Impossible”

The Chicago Symphony, as a Thanksgiving gift, has just released a “live performance” of the theme music from “Mission Impossible.”

Here is the June 17, 2023, video featuring Gene Pokorny as the tuba soloist. The conductor is Riccardo Muti:

Solti and the Orchestra with Nothing to Hide

Surprises are the stuff of life, and no one is exempt.

Just over 50 years ago, I witnessed one such moment that led to another one day later. The first included a presentation of Mahler’s Symphony #5 on December 4, 1972, under the direction of Sir Georg Solti, well ahead of Cate Blanchett’s portrayal of the conductor of this piece in the movies. The second contained what musicians sometimes call a “train wreck.”

Both performances were expected to be among the most formal of entertainments: the well-established concert routine of the superb Chicago Symphony (CSO). The two events in question, however, were anything but routine.

The first shock occurred before the players took their seats. Artists on the road are always ready to “show their stuff,” but not how these instrumentalists had to.

The tour occurred before player contracts guaranteed proper dressing rooms, comfortable hotel lodging, and the kinds of auditoriums that made the group shine.

Jadwin Gymnasium, however, the program’s site in Princeton, offered no adequate facilities to allow the entire band to change clothes in private.

The ensemble found itself in street clothing in the back of a partition, separating them from the area in front of the screen where they would perform. Presumably, the barrier was also intended to reflect some of the sound produced by Solti and Company toward the patrons sitting on bleachers forward of the ground-level stage.

Matters worsened when the CSO members realized incoming spectators witnessed them removing their regular attire and donning the formal wear retrieved from the nearby wardrobe trunks. Indeed, those ticket buyers occupying the top of the audience risers on the screen’s opposite side saw over the partition. They received more of a show than they paid for.

You would think that was bad enough, but it wasn’t.

The program began with Mendelssohn’s Hebrides Overture. The Mahler followed. During its second or third movement, the gymnasium’s cooling system started, sounding out at full blast.

At the movement’s end, Solti walked off the podium with a sharp “click, click, click” from his shoes against Jadwin’s floor. The headman appeared more than angry when talking with nearby facility personnel.

It was clear he did not intend to do battle with the giant fans murdering his effort, Mahler’s composition, and the Chicago Symphony’s art.

The maestro had reason to stop. The gym sounded like an airplane hangar with all the engines and propellers operating. The sheer volume of the CSO at full tilt could not defeat Princeton University’s inbuilt equipment. After a wait, the machinery shut down, and the rest of the Mahler was completed.

Jorgensen Auditorium at the University of Connecticut (UC) was the next destination on the tour, scheduled for December 5. Solti had enough, telling management personnel he would not conduct in the unfamiliar hall  (or perhaps another gym). Otherwise, he intended to keep to his schedule, including two much-anticipated Chicago Symphony appearances at Carnegie Hall. Henry Mazer, the Associate Conductor, filled in for the UC visit.

Mazer was not Sir Georg — not in fame, talent, or communication effectiveness. The final piece in the Connecticut concert, Richard Strauss’s Ein Heldenleben (A Hero’s Life) therefore proved problematic and no day for heroes.

About midway through the composition, Strauss requires a buildup of intensity leading into a segment he called The Battlefield, commonly designated The Battle Scene.

Just before launching the instrumentalists into the composer’s musical depiction of combat, some conductors pause momentarily. Others do not hesitate for the “battle” to begin. Solti preferred the latter interpretation: no stopping; Mazer liked the former. Of course, the CSO was used to Maestro Solti’s way, not Mazer’s.

I have not been able to find out whether Mazer communicated his change of approach to section leaders within the orchestra, but when the moment came, the CSO didn’t play in unison. According to conversations, most paused, while numerous others forged ahead. Among the musicians who didn’t wait was a string player who recognized Mazer’s visible effort to telegraph the brief silence he desired and, therefore, tried to restrain his bow. He lost control of it, causing him and his standmate to try to catch it on the way down.

All in all, a metaphorical trainwreck happened, which virtually never occurred to a group known worldwide for its discipline and precision. The conscientiousness of the players who entered too soon made some feel they had single-handedly ruined the performance.

Tom Hall, a retired CSO violinist, told me the following long after the tour:

My suggestion to the (CSO’s) Marketing Department was that they report the (first) concert as “Roaring Fans Greet Orchestra at Princeton.”

Lest you get the wrong idea, during Solti’s tenure as Music Director, the CSO would get more cheers by walking on stage (especially in Carnegie Hall) than some orchestras received after the music stopped.

So far as I know, this was the only time ever the CSO encountered  “Roaring Fans.” At least the inadvertent dressing room’s pseudo-peep show didn’t cause them to be called “The Orchestra with Nothing to Hide.”

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All of the photos are of Sir Georg Solti. The oldest is the second, when his name was György Solti, from 1936. It was taken by Pál M. Vajda and sourced from Wikimedia Commons. The last picture is the work of Allan Warren, at a photo session in London in 1975, also sourced from Wikimedia Commons. 

Carlo Maria Giulini and the Art of the Influencer

 

Beware the tip-toe advance of advice or attempts to influence you. Subtle or clumsy, wise or unwise, helpful or misguided. Perhaps just a matter of selling a product.

I don’t think Carlo Maria Giulini, the famed conductor, would have approved, since he was interested in loftier things. But more about him later on the subject of conviction and convincing.

First comes sex, appearance, and seduction. So-called influencers use their faces and bodies to market products. Many seek your attention, attempting to make you believe you can be as popular as they are.

Several categories of such guidance are available in everyday life. They include responses to the question of what to do, unrequested suggestions, and lists of things not to attempt.

The idea is to capture your decision-making when they begin by saying, “If I were you,” though no one else can be you. Others offer military-style marching orders and finger-pointing insistence to do things their way. To the good, well-intended recommendations find their way to us, too.

Therapists try to sidestep the expectation that advice will come from their lips. If you ask me (though you didn’t, did you?) I’d suggest helping professionals use the Socratic method of questioning to lead the listener to enlightenment. “What does your current behavior cost you?” often pushes the client to reflect.

The lucky fellow then takes ownership and responsibility to follow up on changing himself with greater likelihood than if he were told: “Do this.”

But all that involves time, and the patient is impatient.

Musicians don’t have much time. There is limited opportunity for rehearsal, a racing clock, and time turning into money. The show must go forth on the scheduled day and hour. 

Carlo Maria Giulini, the legendary man of the concert hall and opera house, probably wouldn’t have characterized his contact with orchestra members with any words approximating influencing or advice. He’d have abhorred the influencers of today.

Yet he, like everyone assuming the podium, used his skills to ensure other talented music makers would do things his way.

By the time this conductor moved from the study of a classical composition to performing it, he not only loved the music but was “convinced of every note.” Until he achieved a sense of understanding and mastery, he believed, “It is better to be three years too late than three minutes too soon.”

Before the first rehearsal, the players received the orchestral scores he marked for their instruments. Giulini had worked out every detail, including bowings, based on his early experience as a string player.

Even so, his conviction and certainty about how the music should go didn’t guarantee the players would agree.

In a conversation with the British critic and commentator John Amis, the artist dealt with this potential problem:

AMIS: “You have to be the authority, but you also have to be the man making music with the musicians.”

GIULINI: “This is the point. Forget the word authority.”

AMIS: “But if you don’t have it …”

GIULINI: “You know, I always say, if you do something because you are ordered to do something, you do it in one way. But if you do something because you are convinced this way is right, you do it in another way.

“The fact is that everybody has to be convinced. How you convince, however, I don’t know. What I am speaking about is not (conventional) authority because (that kind of authority) is the authority of a person who commands.

“What I mean is that (with) someone who convinces, the music becomes something you do ‘together.'”

Why couldn’t Giulini describe how this mysterious change of heart happens? It is possible his gift was so natural to him that he lacked the words that might serve as a set of steps for others? Additional comments about the conductor provide some insight.

Giulini wanted to approach the podium in an unselfconscious manner. At some point, he’d seen a film of himself and vowed to avoid anything that would cause a distracting awareness of himself, drawing him away from making music in the moment. 

Thus, he intended to help those on stage unite in a single dedicated focus on a shared musical vision. Little room was left for preoccupation with himself. The conductor was as non-self-reflective and natural as possible.

When all are at their best, several things happen within the body of superb musicians in a symphonic performance under a skillful leader.

A maestro gives the musicians security via his knowledge and competence. Giulini’s thorough preparation was evident. They recognized his ability to avoid train wreck-like dyscontrol of the ensemble. 

This man’s “presence” emanated from his body: eye contact, carriage, gait, facial expression, and movement on the rostrum.

Seldom do genuine artists achieve this by posing, but rather because they are among the gifted few who are “larger than life” and can affect others without saying a word upon entering a room. 

The Chicago Symphony Orchestra (CSO) named Giulini its first Principal Guest Conductor from 1969 to 1972 after he turned down the offer to become their Music Director. Those men and women knew him well, from his American debut in 1955 to his departure to take over the Los Angeles Philharmonic in 1978. 

CSO musicians I spoke with could not describe how he (or Stokowski or Carlos Kleiber) achieved the tonal beauty they became recognized for. Yet it was evident from the first few notes of a performance.

Whether a musician or not, anyone who is persuasive begets unity and a melding of individuals. He knows when to ask colleagues to change what they are doing and when not to. 

Such a one is experienced enough to be aware of what intervention is necessary and what actions will be corrected without comment.

He provides the opportunity for each craftsman who engages in solo work to express his creativity within the overall conception of the group endeavor. By speaking, by the use of silence, and by observing him perform his part in the project, the best possible performance emerges.

For Giulini, music was a thing that “burned inside” until it had to be expressed. The painful intensity and priestly devotion he brought to his art partly resulted from the same religious feeling that evoked dressing room prayer before walking onstage. 

No wonder Claudia Cassidy of the Chicago Tribune described his American debut by saying he displayed “that extra enkindling thing, the Promethean gift of fire.”

Not all those who seek to influence, as many do, offer so much of themselves. As Giulini told me, he never wrote an autobiography because there was nothing more to reveal about himself than what he had expressed in public by the time the last musical tones died away.

Call attempts at persuasion what you will: influencing, convincing, advice, insistence, Socratic dialogue, etc. If you have the presence of someone called “The Steel Angel,” it is likely easier than for the rest of us. In the service of transforming musical notation into art, we can only take notes and be grateful.

“A Lonely Profession”: Clevenger and Giulini on Conducting

We think of conductors as a bit like ancient potentates, the last trace of sedan-chaired royalty. The reality is different, of course.

An old story is told about Serge Koussevitzky greeting admirers after a concert by the Boston Symphony, the orchestra he led for 25 years. A bejeweled woman stood awestruck before gushing.Oh, thank you, thank you, maestro. You are a God!

Not a person to minimize his talents, Koussevitzky hesitated for a moment before saying, “Well, you know, it’s a big responsibility.

The late Dale Clevenger, internationally esteemed solo horn player of the Chicago Symphony (CSO), also aspired to a conducting career. A man of no small ego, he attempted to extend his commanding presence within the body of his colleagues to a place in front of a similar group.

The brass virtuoso did direct ensembles in many locations. Nevertheless, he didn’t fulfill the dream “to become a respected (and permanent) conductor of a major orchestra anywhere in the world,” as he told the Chicago Tribune in 1986.

While still pursuing that goal, Clevenger consulted the legendary maestro Carlo Maria Giulini (1914 – 2005).

The Italian musician’s association with the CSO began in 1955 and included the period in which he was its first Principal Guest Conductor. Giulini and Clevenger made music together from the first chair horn’s arrival in Chicago in 1966 to the conductor’s last concert leading the group in 1978.

In June 2013, Clevenger told me about their final meeting, two years before Giulini died.

I called one of his sons to arrange an interview with him (at his home in Italy) — to chat with him, talk about old times, and so forth. He was stately, elegant, classy.

We talked about my being a conductor, and he said, ‘Dale, every night after the concert (as part of the orchestra), you can go home to your house, sit down at your table, drink tea, rest, talk to your wife and go to sleep.

‘I go to a hotel room.

Clevenger continued.

There are many comments like that from conductors who admit what they do. It is a lonely profession because when you walk out of the hall, all the lauding words of your greatness, and the audience’s applause and so forth — that’s gone.

The stage is empty. It’s like (the life of) an actor. You are lonely.

World fame, like everything else, has a cost. Chorus members of the Lyric Opera have described witnessing international stars, the mothers of young children back home, getting off computer-assisted video chats with their offspring, then breaking into tears.

Yes, they choose it, but the price isn’t reduced because they own the decision.

I offer this without judgment, for your consideration only. Eminent performers are lucky to have their gifts and the freedom of such choices.

Still, we all play out the values we choose, living with what we gain and what we lose in so doing.

Choose wisely.

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The cover photo of Giulini comes from the excellent biography of the conductor by Thomas Saler.

When God Wrote a Symphony

God can do anything.

At least the All-powerful One who created the universe and all the living things in it.

But, on a remarkable day, the Almighty got bored. “I’ve done everything,” he said to himself. “What might I yet do to enhance the world?”

Thus came the idea of a new, mammoth orchestral composition–a piece in three long movements on the largest possible scale. “And so it was.”

The next morning every person on the planet, no matter their age or place, awoke with sheet music and the musical instrument required.

They’d shared a dream overnight, instructing them to practice their portion each day with the newfound talent instilled by The Timeless Being.

In six months, they now knew, God would lead the premiere.

Ah, but we creatures aren’t perfect, are we? Otherwise, why did the Lord drown his people in The Flood? All but Noah, his family, and an ark full of pairs, that is.

Sodom and Gomorrah didn’t come out well, either.

Indeed, one little man in the Deity’s band was already troubled. A diminutive tailor named Thomas read through the score, distressed to discover he had a solo. A star turn in front of the whole world. A cymbal crash, no less. His would be the climactic moment of the entire piece, the capping culmination, its ending excellence.

The clothier, you must understand, preferred the shadows to the stage, avoiding attention his entire life. He worried about bringing his cymbals together a moment too soon, a beat too late, making his noise too loud or soft, or bumping into a fellow percussionist.

Thomas doubted everything about himself. He always had. On this occasion, however, he’d not only be letting himself and humanity down but The Big Guy. Or Woman. Or whatever gender description is appropriate for the Immortal.

What might happen? Would the Supreme Being submerge the earth a second time? The responsibility squeezed Thomas’s heart. He couldn’t sleep, didn’t eat, and lost weight. “God, help me!” pleaded Tom.

No answer came.

The day began. All the living world instantly arrived at an enormous space in Africa. Humankind found itself onstage, surrounded by the rest, in the water, trees, open lands, air, and hills.

After the ensemble tuned, the Maker stepped off his golden chariot and took the podium. The music commenced.

The first movement took eight years to play, but even Thomas thought the celestial tones beautiful beyond imagination. It enchanted the universe of listeners, too, even the man in the moon. Still, as time passed, this musician’s timorous anticipation grew.

After a brief pause, the Lord’s downbeat launched the second section, seven-years in length. The flawless symphonic sounds soared even beyond the loveliness of what had preceded it. Birds froze in mid-flight, transfixed. The giraffes and hippos, the alligators, too, found their eyes glistening. All the collective hearts conjoined, every living creature in synch.

Except for our buddy, of course.

By the beginning of the symphony’s third part, the single suffering soul was beside himself. The cymbal crash lay 10 years ahead. He wrung his hands, wiped his brow, and began to shake.

The decade passed. At last, the moment!

God turned in the cymbalist’s direction, providing the cue. Thomas lifted the metal plates, and then…

Everyone heard the clatter. But it was the sound of Tom dropping the cymbals, not putting the intended final punctuation to the Divinity’s glorious score, 25 years of perfection since the heavenly baton first moved.

The Deity lowered his arms, the performers froze, and the world held its breath. Thomas looked down, but the Immortal One raised the tailor’s head and opened his humiliated, terror-struck eyes to meet his own.

The gaze, as Tom experienced it, felt as though it went on for eternity. In clock time, however, perhaps just a few seconds elapsed.

The composing Creator composed himself and turned to behold the philharmonic altogether.

And he said the only thing a great, eternal musician would say.

“From the top!”

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The first design is Frontiepiece K, The Ancient of Days, to William Blake’s 1794 work Europe a Prophecy. The next image is God Speed! by Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, sourced from wikiart.org. Shiva as the Lord of the Dance is the last artwork, created in India. It dates from the 10th or 11th century, now part of the Art Institute of Chicago’s Collection.

Bela Bartok’s Simple Philosophy of Life

pouring-light

The conventional question about optimism is whether you see your glass as half-empty or half-full. But let’s look at the same cup differently.

Let’s think of the object as the container of all your capabilities. All your physical skills. All your creative talents and human endowments.

Now turn to the goblet again. Ask not if the glass appears half-empty or half-full of those gifts, but perhaps a more important question:

What will you do with them? What will you do with whatever is inside?

Here is how one person approached the task: Bela Bartok, the 20th-century Hungarian classical composer. He was 64 when he died in 1945, still full of ideas to be put to music paper, not given the life to express them and further enrich us.

The genius regretted it, saying on his death-bed, he had hoped to exit the world with an “empty trunk.” The man might as easily have referred to an empty glass or locker.

His musical being, occupied by what he could yet compose had he “world enough and time,” was still overflowing. The European emigre sought to expend everything on the job of life. Spill the suitcase out. Unpack the riches within.

Since he was born with nothing, Bartok believed he should leave with nothing. He saw this as his obligation to himself and his fellow-man: to share whatever “good” or goods he possessed, to reveal the talents nature bestowed upon him and those he developed.

Bela Bartok, 1927

Bela Bartok, 1927

Creative people often feel chosen. Some consider their craft a “calling” impossible to ignore. They write or perform, not only as a livelihood. Indeed, more than a few sustain their artistic aspirations even though they can’t make a living doing it.

Bartok himself was about to be evicted from his New York City apartment at the time of his death. These people persist out of an “inner necessity.” They cannot do otherwise.

Bartok’s notion is no different than the sports heroes who try to “leave everything on the field,” giving their entire capability to the game. And, while most of us are not inspirational leaders, geniuses, or athletes, we can emulate the most admirable of them: to reach for all we are permitted, work hard, and face challenges instead of running away.

By this standard, a full life would include loving our friends and family passionately and well, seeking always to enrich our knowledge and understanding; and bestow the world with whatever we have to reform it, and us, into something better — to make all our possibilities real, as Bartok hoped.

To choose such a life rejects dutiful routine and “quiet desperation.” These seekers refuse self-protectiveness — the aching reproach of the road not taken, the fear not faced, the life of “might have been, if only…”

The master wrote one of his greatest works, the Concerto for Orchestra, while fighting the leukemia killing him.

The rest of us can’t claim the same excuse if we slip away with some part of the best of ourselves held back — at least not yet. Why? Because we enjoy the gift of time.

For some of us, the goal of life seems to be filling our luggage with as many things as possible. Things external. For Bartok, the mission was to empty it of the things internal. Many are torn between the two –- a life of consumption or a life of creation. There is a choice.

To Bartok, the playing field of life awaited his best efforts. His regrets reflected his desire to have done more, not consumed more.

Is there a better philosophy of living?

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This post is a reworking of one I published almost eight years ago. The subject of the top photo is a lamp designed by Yeongwoo Kim called Pouring Light.